原文已被隐藏，你可用 快捷键 - 或点击 显示原文 按钮来查看原文
第一段
1 .Listen to part of a lecture in a music history class.
听一段音乐历史课程上的演讲
2 .The professor has been discussing music of the twentieth century.
教授正在讨论20世纪的音乐
第二段
1 .And what instrument comes to mind when you think of rock'n roll?
当你想到摇滚的时候会想到什么乐器？
第三段
1 .The electric Guitar?
电吉他？
第四段
1 .Exactly.
正确
2 .I think it's fair to say that the sound of the electric guitar typifies the rock'n roll genre which became popular in the 1950s.
我觉得说电吉他之音代表着在二十世纪五十年代流行的摇滚乐乐派一点也不过分。
3 .But really the instrument we know today was the result of a continuing development that started for our practical purposes in the 1920s.
但是实际上我们今天知道的乐器是在二十世纪二十年代的基础上以实用为目的不断演化的结果。
第五段
1 .But long before that even people were experimenting with ways to modify traditional acoustic guitars.
但是，即使是很久之前，人们也尝试了很多方法去改造传统吉他。
2 .The first guitars were wooden.
第一把吉他是木制的。
3 .This is the Spanish guitar and the strings were made from animal products.
那是一把西班牙吉他，它的琴弦来自动物制品。
4 .Then came steel strings.
然后是钢弦，
5 .And that led to the lap guitar, which is also called the steel guitar because the player slides a steel rod up and down the neck.
这产生了膝上吉他，也叫钢吉他，因为演奏者要在脖子上下划动琴弦。
6 .And those are all acoustic guitars. OK?
这些都是原声吉他。大家听明白了吗？
第六段
1 .But then eventually we have electric guitars.
然后终于我们有电吉他了。
2 .Over the years, many inventors and musicians contributed to the design of these instruments.
在过去的几年中，很多发明者和音乐人对于这些乐器的发明都有很大的贡献。
3 .And each design was intended to alter the sound in some way, at first at least with the electric guitar, to make it louder.
每一种设计都在一些方式上改变了声音，最初，至少它让电吉他变得更响
第七段
1 .So let's get back to when the steel guitar was first introduced in the United States.
所以让我们回到弦吉他第一次出现在美国的时候。
2 .It was right after the Spanish-American war in the late 1890s.
那时候刚好是在十九世纪九十年代晚期西班牙和美国战争之后不久。
3 .US sailors who were stationed in Hawaii - then a US territory - were very enamored with the music they heard there.
驻扎在夏威夷，那里之后变成了美国的一个基地，的水军非常迷恋他们在那里听到的音乐。
4 .Uh, Hawaiian music was based on the steel guitar I just described.
啊，夏威夷的音乐就是在我刚刚介绍的弦吉他的基础上形成的。
5 .Some sailors learned how to play the steel guitar and brought it home to the States.
一些水兵学会了怎样演奏弦吉他并把它带回了美国的家中。
6 .Before long, Hawaiian steel guitar music was all the rage in the mainland US.
不久,夏威夷吉他音乐在美国大陆风靡一时。
7 .It actually had a strong influence on the development of several musical genres, rock'n roll most notably, but also jazz and blues.
实际上它对几个音乐流派的发展都有强烈影响,“摇滚乐”是最典型的,除此之外还有爵士乐和蓝调。
第八段
1 .Anyway, by the 1920s, with the advent of the public dance movement, people were gathering in large groups to listen to steel guitar music.
不管怎样，到了二十世纪二十年代。对着公众的舞蹈运动，人们开始聚集成一大群听钢吉他。
2 .But they had trouble hearing it, especially in large public settings.
但是他们听不到吉他声，尤其是在大型的公共场所。
3 .As I mentioned, the instrument was played horizontally, on the lap.
正如我提到的，吉他是在膝盖上水平演奏的。
4 .Since the strings faced upward, the sound was projected toward the ceiling rather than outward toward the audience.
由于弦是朝上方的，声音被投射到天花板上而不是观众。
5 .Something had to be done, because the music venues and the audience kept getting larger and larger.
必须要做一些改变了，因为音乐场馆和观众群越来越大。
6 .So what would you do?
所以你会怎样做？
第九段
1 .Find a way to amplify the sound?
找个方法扩大声音？
第十段
1 .Yes. And to do that, inventors started attaching electronic devices, electrical coils to the acoustic guitars.
是的。为此，发明者开始将电子设备，电线圈连接到原声吉他上。
2 .And the electronics worked!
这些电器很有效！
3 .But attaching electronics didn't just affect how loudly you could play.
但是连接上这些电器不仅仅影响到你能演奏多大声音，
4 .It also changed the quality of the sound.
他也改变了声音的音质。，
第十一段
1 .These early electric guitars were hollow and these early amplifiers caused vibrations in the bodies of the instruments.
这些早期的电吉他是中空的，早期的扩音器就是引起震动的仪器。
2 .So as the sound got louder, it became more distorted, fuzzy-sounding.
所以声音越大，音质越扭曲，失真。
3 .And what musicians at the time wanted was a pure, clean sound.
所以当时音乐家们想要的是一个纯粹干净的声音。
第十二段
1 .So where does Les Paul fit in?
所以让Les Paul介入？
2 .Wasn't he the first to electrify acoustic guitars?
他不是第一个给原声吉他接上电的人吗？
第十三段
1 .Uh... no. Electrified guitars already existed by the time Les Paul came into the picture around 1940.
呃。。。不，在二十世纪四十年代左右Les Paul走进这个圈子时，
2 .What Paul did was experiment with ways of removing the distortions and he succeeded.
电吉他已经存在了。Pual做的实验是找到消除电吉他声音失真的方法，他成功了。
第十四段
1 .He designed a guitar with a solid body that relied solely on electronics.
他设计了一个完全依靠电的实心吉他
2 .Paul's solid body eliminated the vibrations, and thus the distortions.
。Paul设计的实心吉他消除了振动，和因振动产生的声音失真。
第十五段
1 .Excuse me. But when I think of electric guitar music, I think of Jimi Hendrix.
打扰一下，但是当我听到电吉他音乐，我想到的是Jimi Hendrix
2 .Jimi Hendrix, one of my favorites.
Jimi Hendrix是我喜欢的明星之一。
第十六段
1 .But Hendrix's style really was all about distortion, that's what's so great about his music, all those special effects.
但是Hendrix的风格都是失真的，这也是他的音乐伟大的原因，所有的都有特殊效果
2 .I think a lot of rock'n roll fans prefer that to a pure sound.
我认为有很多摇滚迷更喜欢纯粹的声音。
第十七段
1 .Yeah. You are getting ahead of me here.
是的。在这里你比我先提出来了。
2 .But good, because the point I was going to make is that the sound of rock'n roll changed over the years.
但是很好，因为我正要提到的一点是在过去的这么多年中，摇滚乐的声音是不断改变的。
3 .And the designs and technology of electric guitars made those changes possible.
而对电吉他的设计和技术使得这些改变成为可能。
第十八段
1 .So whereas Les Paul's goal was to remove the distortion, later musicians wanted to produce it.
所以虽然Les Paul的目标是去除失真，之后的音乐家却想要产生失真的效果。
2 .And by the time Jimi Hendrix came around.
直到Jimi Hendrix的出现。
3 .Well, essentially, Hendrix reinvented the electric guitar, in the sense that he created amazing effects and vibrations that changed the sound of rock'n roll completely.
嗯，从本质上讲，Hendrix改造了电吉他，从某种意义上讲，他创造了惊人的效果和振动完全改变了摇滚乐声音。
4 .So eventually, people tried to improve on Les Paul's model, well, to modify it I should say.
所以，最终，人们是在试图改进Les Paul的模式，嗯，应该说是修改它。