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第一段
1 .Listen to part of a lecture in an art conservation class.
听一段艺术品保护课程上的演讲
第二段
1 .So far we have been talking all semester about restoring and preserving pieces of art, like ancient frescoes, early oil paintings, etc.
到目前为止，我们整学期一直在谈论关于修复和保护艺术作品，像古代的壁画，早期油画， 等等。
2 .But although our field is called art conservation, it also involves... what?
但尽管我们的领域被称为艺术保护，它也涉及......什么？
第三段
1 .Um... preserving other types of cultural materials too.
嗯...还保护其他类型的文化材料。
第四段
1 .Very good. Not just art.
非常好。不只是艺术。
2 .Old artifacts are very valuable when they represent early technologies, or contain important historical information.
古老的人工制品非常宝贵当他们表现出早期技术的时候，这些都含有重要的历史信息。
3 .In fact, let me give you an example.
事实上，让我给你一个例子。
4 .You've heard about the Greek scholar, Archimedes, who lived more than 2000 years ago, I am sure.
你听说过希腊学者阿基米德，生活在200多年前，这个我确定。
5 .Archimedes was a great mathematician.
阿基米德是一个伟大的数学家。
6 .For example, he discovered the formula for the volume of a sphere.
比如，他发现了球的体积公式。
7 .Not much of his work has survived, but what has survived is brilliant.
他的工作很少坚持到现在，但坚持到现在的都很卓越。
8 .And then in 1906, a palimpsest of Archimedes' writing was discovered.
在1906年，一个阿基米德的羊皮纸重写本被发现。
第五段
1 .Now, a palimpsest is a type of manuscript that contains writing that's hidden because something else was written over it later.
一个重写本是一种手稿，其中包含了隐藏的作品有其他内容之后写在它上面。
2 .I'll explain in a minute.
我马上解释。
3 .This Archimedes palimpsest, as it's now called, is by far the most important palimpsest anyone has ever seen.
这个阿基米德重写本解释是迄今为止发现的最重要的重写本。
4 .Because it contains the only known existing copy of Archimedes' treatise, called Method.
因为它包含唯一已知存在的阿基米德专著，叫做《方法论》。
5 .Archimedes shows in it how maths can be applied to physics and physical reasoning back to maths problems, which is how he calculated the volume of the sphere, for example.
阿基米德在其中表明数学如何能应用于物理和物理推理数学问题。举个例子，这就是他如何计算球体的体积。
6 .This maybe commonplace today, but was revolutionary in his time.
今天这也许司空见惯，但在他的时代是革命性的。
7 .A few years ago, the palimpsest was sold at an auction for 2 million dollars.
几年前，重写本在拍卖会上以200万美元卖出。
8 .It could have ended up tucked away in a private collection, but fortunately, the collector who bought it has agreed to have experts restore every single word Archimedes wrote, so the contents can be shared with the world and studied.
它原可能最终成为一个私人收藏，但幸运的是，买它的收藏家同意专家修复阿基米德所写的每一个字，所以内容可以全球分享和研究。
第六段
1 .But there are two main problems.
但是，有两个主要的问题。
2 .What do you think the first one might be?
你们认为第一个问题可能是什么？
3 .Jennifer?
珍妮弗？
第七段
1 .Um... well, it sounds like it's extremely old.
嗯......好吧，听起来它非常旧。
2 .So probably some pages are at the point of crumbling into dust?
所以大概一些书页都快化成尘了。
第八段
1 .True. And some are moldy, and some were eaten away at by bookworms.
是的。有的都发霉了，有的被书虫咬破了。
2 .This thing's really decayed.
这本书确实腐烂了。
3 .But on top of that, there's another issue.
但是比这个更重要，还有一个问题。
4 .And this is the reason why it's a palimpsest.
这是为什么这本书是重写本的原因。
5 .You see, the text apparently sat around in a library in Constantinople until 1229 A.D..But then a scribe erased, scraped away the writing
你们要知道，这本书直到1229年一直在君士坦丁堡图书馆，但然后一个抄写员擦除，
6 .as clean as he could in order to use the pages to write his own book on.
刮干净上面的著作，为了用书页来写自己的书。
7 .Why would he do that? Take a guess.
为什么他要这么做？猜测一下。
第九段
1 .Must have been a paper shortage?
一定是缺纸？
第十段
1 .Well, they used parchment to write on, but yes, there was a parchment shortage.
他们用羊皮纸写东西，但是的，羊皮纸短缺。
第十一段
1 .So you are saying the parchment was basically recycled?
所以你说的羊皮纸基本上是回收的？
第十二段
1 .Correct. Then, even later on, in the twentieth century, a forger painted ancient-looking pictures on several of the pages in order to make the book seem older and increase its value.
对。甚至后来，在二十世纪，一个伪造者画了古老外观的图片在几个页面上为了使这本书看起来更老并且增加它的价值。
2 .So unfortunately, that's quite a history.
不幸的是，那真是一段不堪回首的历史。
第十三段
1 .But professor Wilkens, if the scribe scraped away Archimedes' words and if these paintings covered the pages, how can the original work be recovered?
但教授威尔肯斯，如果抄写员刮掉阿基米德的作品，如果这些画作覆盖了页面，原来的作品怎么能恢复呢？
第十四段
1 .Ah, that's why I am telling you the story.
啊，这就是为什么我告诉你这个故事。
2 .That's our task as conservationists, isn't it?
是我们保护者的任务，对吧？
3 .To find a way.
为了找到一个方法。
4 .There were still faint traces of Archimedes' words on the pages.
书页上仍有淡的阿基米德作品痕迹。
5 .First, we tried to make the Archimedes' words stand out with a variety of technologies, using ultraviolet light.
首先，我们试图用各种各样的技术清晰的显出阿基米德的作品，使用紫外线光。
6 .But that didn't work on every page.
但是这个方法并不是在每一页都有效。
7 .But then, there was this new idea that came from a scientist studying spinach.
然后，一个研究菠菜的科学家提出了一个新思路。
第十五段
1 .Spinach?
菠菜？
第十六段
1 .Yes, spinach. This physicist, Uwe Bergman, does research that involves studying iron in spinach.
是的，菠菜。物理学家，乌韦·伯格曼，做了一个研究涉及研究菠菜中的铁。
2 .He was reading an article about problems with palimpsest and it said that there is iron in the original Archimedes' ink.So he came up with an idea to use the same method of looking at iron in spinach to view
他读一篇关于重写本问题的文章，文章写到在原始阿基米德墨水中有铁。所以他想出了一个主意，用观察菠菜中的铁的方法来看重写
3 . the iron on the palimpsest pages.
本书页中的铁。
4 .And his idea worked.
他的想法奏效了。
5 .Bergman's technique allow X-rays to pass through the forged paintings, pass through the scribe's writing to hit the iron traces from the ink of the original Archimedes' text and create an image just of the iron on the pages.
伯格曼的技术允许X光穿透伪造的画作，穿透抄写员的文稿，击中原来阿基米德文字墨水中铁的痕迹，并且创造一张只有书页上铁出现内容的图像。
6 .The iron-based letters seem to just pop off the page.
以铁为基础显现出来的文字看起来像要跃出纸面。
7 .The original text and diagrams emerged, line by line, diagram after diagram.
原始的文本和图表显现，行接行，图接图。
8 .And that's kind of typical of our field.
这在我们领域是很典型的。
9 .There's a lot of interdisciplinary work.
工作里有很多学科交叉的工作。
10 .People from several different fields might be involved in working with a single art.
很多不同领域的人可能参与到一个艺术品的工作中。