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第一段
1 .Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.
听一段艺术历史课程上的演讲
第二段
1 .OK. We have been talking about the art and architecture of the Italian Renaissance, from around A.D. 1400 to around A.D. 1600.
好，我们一直都在讲公元1400到1600年间意大利文艺复兴时期的艺术与建筑。
2 .Last class, we had a look at some of the magnificent palaces and villas built during this time period.
上节课我们讲了一些这个时期建造、雄伟的宫殿和别墅，
3 .And just as class was ending, someone asked about the gardens associated with these palaces and villas.
那么随着课程临近结束，有些人问起了关于这些别墅和宫殿附带的园林。
4 .And so I'd like to say a few things about them before we move on.
今天我想在讲别的东西前，先稍微说一下这些园林。
第三段
1 .Now, when I say gardens, I don't mean vegetable gardens or simple flower gardens.
好，那么当我说到园林时，不是指菜园，或是单纯的花园。
2 .These were lavishly constructed, finely detailed gardens that covered hundreds of acres, with exotic plants and ornamental statues.
这些花园都是建造豪华、细致入微的园林，占地达好几百公顷，种有异域植物，还有装饰性雕塑，
3 .And they were just as much a symbol of their owners' social position as their palaces and villas were.
这些与别墅和宫殿一样，都是为了显示出花园主人的社会地位的。
4 .Again, what was the inspiration for the Renaissance? Rebecca.
文艺复兴的激发灵感是什么呢？吕贝卡？
第四段
1 .Classical art and architecture of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
古典主义艺术和建筑，古希腊和古罗马。
第五段
1 .That's right.
正确
2 .As we've said before, the main point of the Renaissance was to revive the genius of the ancient Greeks and Romans, which is why designers of Renaissance gardens designed them as the ancient Romans would have designed them, or at least as they imagined the ancient Romans would have designed them.
我们之前说过，文艺复兴的主要意义在于复兴古希腊和古罗马时期的才华，这也是为什么文艺复兴时期花园的设计者们将花园设计成古罗马人会设计出的样式的原因。或者说，起码是他们认为古罗马人会设计出的样式。
第六段
1 .How did they know what ancient Roman gardens look like?
他们怎么知道古罗马花园是什么样子？
第七段
1 .Well, they didn't have any pictures.
嗯，虽然没有图片
2 .But they did have some very detailed descriptions of ancient Roman villas and their gardens that had been written by famous Roman authors who lived during the height of the Roman Empire.
但是他们确实拥有由生活在古罗马帝国时期的著名罗马作家们著作的、关于古罗马别墅和花园的细致描述。
3 .And at least three of those authors, one was a scholar, one was a poet, and one was lawyer, were very authoritative, very reliable sources.
起码有三个这样的作家提供了非常可靠的材料，其中一个是学者，一个是诗人，另外一个是律师。
第八段
1 .Ah... and interestingly enough, there was another source that didn't describe classical gardens but still became a great influence on Renaissance gardens.
嗯，有趣的是，甚至有一篇内容都不是描述古典主义花园、却大大地影响到了文艺复兴花园设计的材料。
2 .It was also written back during the height of the Roman Empire by a mathematician known as Hero of Alexandria.
同样也是创作于古罗马帝国时期的著作，作者是一个名为英雄亚里山德拉的数学家。
3 .Hero was a Greek.
英雄是个希腊人，
4 .But he lived in Alexandria, Egypt, which was at the time part of the Roman Empire.
但他住在埃及的亚里山德拉，当时属于古罗马帝国的领土。
5 .Hero compiled descriptions and sketches of seventy some clever little mechanical devices, most of which utilized compressed air to cause water, or in some cases wine, to flow from one place to another, or sometimes to squirt or to make some kind of noise.
英雄编纂了关于70多个设计精巧的机械小装置的描述和草图，大多数的装置都利用了压缩空气来水，或是酒，从一个地方流向另一个地方，有时是喷射，或是发出噪音。
6 .Yes? John?
嗯，约翰？
第九段
1 .Could you give an example?
能举个例子吗？
第十段
1 .Well, one of the devices was a sacrificial vessel that was obviously designed for a temple, not for a garden.
嗯，其中有个装置是祭祀容器，明显是为神庙设计的，而不是为花园。
2 .Anyway, if you drop money into this vessel, water would flow out of it.
那么，如果你向容器中投放硬币，水就会从中喷出来。
3 .Well, creative minds in the Renaissance realized that this little device could be nicely repurposed as a nifty little fountain.
那么，文艺复兴时期的创造天才们意识到，这个装置可以用来改成小巧的喷泉。
4 .Designers of Renaissance gardens loved this sort of thing.
文艺复兴时期的设计师们非常热爱这种东西。
5 .They loved to incorporate novelties and tricks, things to amuse and impress guests.
他们喜欢将新奇、讨巧的事物结合起来，以娱乐、震撼来宾。
第十一段
1 .And that was the purpose? To impress people?
目的是什么呢？给人们留下深刻印象？
第十二段
1 .Sure. As a nobleman or wealthy landowner, one purpose of having a fabulous villa with a fantastic garden was to impress people.
当然啦，作为贵族或是富有的地主，拥有奢华的别墅和花园的目的之一就是为了给人们留下深刻印象。
2 .It was a way of proving your social position.
这是一种证明自己社会地位的方式。
第十三段
1 .Well... OK. You also mentioned tricks.
哦，好吧。你还提到了小把戏？
第十四段
1 .Well, for example, some gardens had plaster or marble birds that sang when water flowed through them.
嗯，例如，当一些花园有水流经的时候，会有石膏或是大理石制成的小鸟唱歌。
2 .Some fountains were designed to squirt people with water.
而还有一些喷泉的设计，是为了向人们喷水的。
第十五段
1 .And these things were popular?
这些东西很流行吗？
第十六段
1 .Yes. They may have been the most popular features of the gardens.
对，他们或许是花园最受欢迎的设施。
2 .I mean, flowers and statues can be nice to look at, but these things were a lot more fun.
我是说，花啊、雕塑啊都很好看，但这些东西却更好玩。
3 .And the more clever the device is, the more famous the garden and the greater prestige the landowner enjoyed.
而且，装置设计得越巧，花园就越出名，地主的名声也就越高。
4 .Yes? Rebecca.
吕贝卡？
第十七段
1 .What about mazes?
迷宫呢？
2 .I read that they were a major part of the Renaissance gardens.
我读到过，说它们也是文艺复兴花园的重要组成部分？
第十八段
1 .Oh, yes. They certainly were!
嗯，对，确实。。
2 .Mazes or labyrinths, as they're also called, were very common in Renaissance gardens.
迷宫在文艺复兴花园中非常普遍
3 .How that came to be though is a bit of a mystery.
它的来源却十分神秘。
4 .Mazes have a long history going back to the ancient Egyptians, but they started appearing in gardens only during the Renaissance, or perhaps just a little bit prior to that.
迷宫的历史悠久，可以追溯到古埃及时期。但它们直到文艺复兴时期才出现在花园中，可能还早一点点。
5 .According to one source, what happened was: in the late 1400s, a highly respected expert published a book on architecture.
一条资料表示，事情是这样的：15世纪晚期，一名德高望重的专家出版了一本建筑书籍。
6 .And readers somehow mistakenly inferred from that book that ancient Romans had mazes in their gardens.
读者们却不知怎样，误将书中的内容认为是古罗马时期人们就在花园中设置迷宫。
7 .So then designers of Renaissance gardens thinking they were following in the footsteps of the ancient Romans... well... guess what they did.
所以文艺复兴时期的设计师们就想到要追随古罗马人的足迹。那么，猜猜他们干什么了？