考满分 toefl

1 .Listen to part of a lecture in a music class.

听一段音乐课上的演讲

1 .Today we are going to do something a little different.

今天我们 来做点不一样。

2 .In the past few classes, we've listened to traditional music from around the world and we've talked about the characteristics of these music, what makes these styles distinctive, what kinds of instruments are used.

在过去几节课中，我们听了世界各地的传统音乐，讨论了它们的特点，是什么让它们与众不同，以及它们是用什么乐器演奏的。

3 .And you've talked about what sounds familiar to you and what sounds strange.

我们还讨论了什么对我们来说听起来很熟悉，什么却很新奇。

4 .And many of you found some of what we've listened to very strange indeed.

对我们中的很多人来说，我们听过的音乐确实很新奇

1 .Well, today I want to start talking about western music and I am going to start in ancient Greece.

那么，今天我们开始讨论西方音乐，从古希腊时期的音乐开始。

2 .But, now here's part that's different.

现在开始是不同的地方。

3 .We're not going to talk very much about the actual music.

。我们不从讨论真正的音乐开始，

4 .Instead, we are going to talk about what the Greeks believed about music.

我们要讨论什么是古希腊人对音乐的信仰。

1 .Now, there are some very good reasons to approach the material in this way.

有很多理由我们要从这个角度讨论他们的音乐

2 .First, well, we don't have very much ancient Greek music studied.

首先，古希腊音乐还没有被广泛研究。

3 .Only about 45 pieces survived... uh... these are mostly records of poems and songs.

现存的古希腊乐曲只有45章，它们大多数是诗歌和歌曲的纪录，。

4 .And we are not sure how well we can reproduce the melodies or rhythms, because they were apparently improvised in many cases.

而且我们并不太确实是否能重新制作出音乐的旋律和节奏，因为它们很多是当场自由发挥所创

5 .So we really don't know all that much about what the music sounded like.

所以，我们实际上不知道那些音乐听起来如何

1 .What we do know about - and this really is the most important reason I am approaching today's lecture the way I am - is the Greek philosophy about music and its continuing influence on western attitudes toward music.

但是我们可以明确知道的是古希腊有关音乐的哲学思想和它们对西方音乐态度的持续影响，这也是为什么我以这个角度开始今天的演讲的原因。

1 .Now, if we're going to understand the philosophy, we have to first understand that music for the Greeks was about much more than entertainment.

如果我们想更清楚的了解哲学，我们必须首先要了解音乐对于古希腊人来讲意味的不仅仅是娱乐。

2 .Yes, there was music at festivals and we have sculptures and paintings showing people listening to music for many of the same reasons that we do.

是的，庆典上会用到音乐，而且雕塑和绘画表明他们确实会因为和我们同样的理由和目的倾听音乐

3 .But this isn't the whole story.

但是，这并不是所有（他们听音乐的原因）。

1 .The important thing about music was that it was governed by rules, mathematical rule.

最重要的是他们的音乐是以规则，数学规则为基础的

2 .And for those of you who are also studying music theory, you'll see that it is in fact highly mathematical.

你学习过的这些音乐理论，你会发现，他们其实是高等数学

1 .Um.... and for the Greeks, the same mathematical principles that govern music also govern the universe as well as the human character, the essence of personality.

而且对于古希腊人来说，掌控音乐的数学规则同时时也是掌控着宇宙，人性，和人格的数学规则。

2 .People's characters were believed to be very sensitive to music.

他们认为人的个性是对音乐非常敏感的

3 .If you started playing around with the rules, you know, messing up the mathematical order, you could do serious harm.

如果你开始玩弄规则，在数学规律中制造混乱，你会造成很大的伤害

4 .That's why music was considered so powerful.

这就是音乐为什么被认为如此强大的原因。

5 .If you knew the rules it could do great good.

如果你遵守规则，你会产生好的影响，

6 .But if you broke them, you could do great harm to the character of the listener.

，但是如果你打破规则，你会对听众造成非常坏的影响

1 .So, we have this Greek idea that music is directly related to human character and behavior.

。所以，我们了解了在古希腊音乐是直接影响人格和行为这一观点。

1 .The philosopher, Plato, talks about this in the context of education.

哲学家柏拉图在教育事业中提到这个观点。

2 .For Plato, music is an important element in education, but only the right kind of music.

对于柏拉图来说，音乐是教育的重要元素之一，但只有正确的音乐类型才如此

3 .That means the kind of music that builds the kind of character a good citizen or a future leader would need.

正确的音乐是指能塑造好的公民，好的未来领袖的音乐。

4 .Yes, for Plato, there is a kind of music that instills the qualities of leadership, just as there is a kind of music that makes a person soft and weak.

对于柏拉图来说，这种音乐是能灌输领袖精神的音乐。除了这种音乐，还有一种音乐是能让人更柔弱温和的

1 .Now, Plato has very specific, very conventional kinds of music in mind.

柏拉图对于音乐的分类是非常具体，传统的。

2 .He is not fond of innovation.

他对创新并不热衷。

3 .There were musicians in Plato's day who were experimenting with different melodies and rhythms.

在柏拉图时期也有音乐家尝试试验新的旋律节奏，

4 .A definite no-no for Plato.

但是柏拉图显然非常反对。

5 .He thinks that breaking with tradition leads to all sorts of social problem, serious problem, even the breakdown of the fabric of society.

。柏拉图认为打破传统会造成各种社会问题，严重的问题，严重到甚至能使社会的构成分崩离析。

6 .I am thinking back now to when I first started listening to rock'n'roll and I remember my father saying it was a bad influence on us.

我想到当我第一次听摇滚乐的时候，我爸爸说摇滚乐会对我们产生坏影响。

7 .I think he would have gotten along well with Plato.

我想他会非常支持柏拉图的想法的。

1 .Anyway, I don't need to tell you what I think about Plato's ideas about innovation, do I?

但是不用说，柏拉图的想法对创新是非常糟糕的。

2 .Though I have to say it's interesting that the same arguments against new music and art are still being made.

但是非常有趣的是，直到现在还有人因为同样的原因反对新的音乐和艺术形式。

3 .Perhaps like the Greeks, we recognize, and maybe even fear the power of music.

也许我们就像古希腊人一样，深刻的意识到并且害怕音乐的力量。