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第一段
1 .Listen to part of a lecture in an education class.The professor is discussing the Italian educator Maria Montessori.
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第二段
1 .Ok,if you did your reading for today, then you were introduced to a very infiluential alternative to traditional education.
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2 .This educational philosophy and methodology was pioneered in Italy in the early 1900s by Doctor Maria Montessori.
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3 .It's called the Montessori method.
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4 .But what made the Montessori method for young children so different?
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5 .What made it so different,so special?
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第三段
1 .It's based on very different ideas about how kids learn best,right?
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第四段
1 .Um-hmm...It was groundbreaking.
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2 .To begin with,unlike the traditional classrooms at the time,the Montessori classroom environment was more suited to the child.
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3 .The furniture was child-sized.
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4 .Well,it's that way in almost all schools now,but that wasn't always the case.
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第五段
1 .We can thank Montessori for this.
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2 .You won't see any long benches with children in rows or heavy desks that separate children.
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3 .Children are free to interact with each other.
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4 .And in Montessori classrooms,the furniture is lightweight,so children can move it around easily,
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5 .and having furniture and materials made to fit them makes kids feel more competent.
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6 .This fits in with Montessori's notion of liberty and autonomy.
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7 .Children are free to move around the room and they learn to do things for themselves.
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第六段
1 .I'm not sure I get that part.
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2 .It sounds like potential chaos.
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第七段
1 .Oh, no, no, no.
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2 .Let's not confuse this liberty of activity with lack of discipline.
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3 .In fact,teachers have to maintain this specific environment carefully through a number of rules,
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4 .which are generally about respect and what's right.
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5 .It's just that the child needs freedom of choice to develop independence and self-direction.
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第八段
1 .Also,unlike what happens in most conventional classrooms,children choose their own activities.
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2 .They may be guided by the teacher,but it's ultimately up to each child to select tasks,
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3 .which brings us to the manipulative equipment you find in a Montessori classroom,
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4 .like little boards that have rough or smooth surfaces,or blocks that can be stacked into a tower.
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5 .Now this equipment was designed by Montessori over time with much experimentation,
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6 .designed...well,designed to help children teach themselves through playing.
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第九段
1 .Well,what do the teachers do?
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2 .I mean if the kids are teaching themsefves.
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第十段
1 .Ah,well,that's a good question.
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2 .To start,a child may not work with an activity until the teacher has demonstrated its proper use.
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3 .Then the Montessori teacher's job is to observe the child's play,because when the children play,they are acquiring the bases for later concepts.
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4 .So the teacher helps motivate and focus each child and monitors the child's progress,but does not interfere with the child's observations and deductions.
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5 .That was and still is a novel idea,and for many teachers not the easiest thing to do.
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6 .In facts,for some is very difficult.
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7 .Montessori herself called the teacher a director.
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8 .Remember,the independence of the learner lies at the heart of the Montessori methodology.
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第十一段
1 .Ok,yeah,it does seem like that the teacher need a lot of training and patience.
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第十二段
1 .True.As I said,it is not easy for a lot of teachers to step back like that,but getting back to the equipment.
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2 .Basic Montessori equipment can be divided into a number of major subject areas such as practical life,mathematics and what is called sensorial.
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第十三段
1 .With a sensorial equipment,the children can explore things like sounds and textures.
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2 .At the same time,they develop motor skills.But this apparent play is laying the groundwork for the later math and language work.
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第十四段
1 .Now let's take a look at the materials called brown stairs.
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2 .For a young child playing with this graduated blocks,these brown stairs,they are not just a sensorial lesson.
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3 .By manipulating them,the child develops fine motor skills and by sorting and classifying them by size,by weight,the child learns some basic mathematics.
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4 .Similarly,with practical-life quipment,the child can learn how to button a shirt,cut up an apple for a snack and other real-world tasks.
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第十五段
1 .Without this integration in real-world learning,is there any room for creativity?
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